{"id":226531,"date":"2018-12-14T15:59:27","date_gmt":"2018-12-14T08:59:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.quipper.com\/id\/blog\/?p=226531"},"modified":"2021-11-24T18:35:08","modified_gmt":"2021-11-24T11:35:08","slug":"respon-internasional-terhadap-kemerdekaan-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quipperhome.wpcomstaging.com\/mapel\/respon-internasional-terhadap-kemerdekaan-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Kepoin Respon Internasional Terhadap Kemerdekaan Indonesia!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Quipperian <\/span>into<\/span><\/em> banget kan slogan \u201cMelawan Lupa\u201d? <\/span>Yups<\/span><\/em>, slogan itu bukan cuma kata-kata kiasan <\/span>lho,<\/span><\/em> melainkan memiliki arti begitu <\/span>deep<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Percaya enggak sih untuk menghilangkan suatu bangsa pihak musuh enggak perlu melakukan serangan militer, tapi cukup menghilangkan masa lalunya, yakni sejarah bangsanya. Maka tak heran Bung Karno menyerukan \u201cJas Merah\u201d atau \u201cJangan Sekali-kali Meninggalkan Sejarah\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngomongin<\/span><\/em> sejarah Indonesia, tak akan lengkap bila tak mengulik bagaimana setelah Proklamasi, negara-negara lain mengakui Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara merdeka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Respon negara-negara lain terhadap kemerdekaan Indonesia bermacam-macam. Namun, terdapat dua arus besar, pengakuan kemerdekaan dan menolak. Masa sih ada negara <\/span>nolak<\/span><\/em> kemerdekaan RI?<\/span><\/p>\n

Penolakan Belanda<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Belanda berkali-kali menolak kemerdekaan RI. Mereka bahkan melakukan aksi polisionil untuk merebut kembali wilayah Indonesia pada Agresi Militer I (1947) dan Agresi Militer II (1948). <\/span><\/p>\n

Berkali-kali <\/span>clash<\/span><\/em>, berkali-kali pula berlangsung perundingan, mulai Perjanjian Linggarjati (1946), Perjanjian Renville (1948), Perjanjian Roem-Royen (1949), hingga Konferensi Meja Bundar (1949). <\/span><\/p>\n

Pihak Belanda berkali-kali melakukan aksi polisionil dengan alasan ingin menertibkan kondisi keamanan Hindia Belanda dari para pemberontak. Maka tak heran Belanda kembali datang untuk alih-alih \u201cmenertibkan\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n

Belanda baru mengakui kedaulatan RI berkat resolusi Konferensi Menja Bundar pada 1949. Meski begitu, hasil kesepakatan KMB pun membagi wilayah Indonesia ke bentuk federasi, Republik Indonesia Serikat. RIS lantas dinyatakan berakhir pada tahun 1950.<\/span><\/p>\n

Memang tak mudah bagi para pejuang Indonesia terutama para diplomat di masa-masa awal kemerdekaan meyakinkan negara-negara lain untuk mengakui Indonesia sebagai negara berdaulat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pengakuan Mesir<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Haji Agus Salim, AR Baswedan, Nazir Pamoentjak, dan Rasjidi mengemban misi kunjungan balasan ke Mesir, setelah sebelumnya Konsul Jenderal Mesir di Bombay, Abdul Mun`im bertandang ke Yogyakarta pada 13-16 Maret 1947.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kunjungan Mun`im tersebut, menurut AR Baswedan pada buku <\/span>Abdul Rahman Baswedan: Karya dan Pengabdiannya<\/span><\/em>, mewakili Mesir dan mengemban pesan Liga Arab berisi dukungan terhadap kemerdekaan Indonesia. Mun`im menyampaikan pesan tersebut kepada Presiden Soekarno pada 15 Maret 1947. <\/span><\/p>\n

Setelah kunjungan Mun`im tersebut, keempat delegasi Indonesia lantas bertolak menuju Mesir. Kedatangan mereka bahkan mendapat atensi besar surat kabar Mesir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sehari setelah kedatangan mereka, menurut AR Baswedan, koran terbesar di Kairo \u201cAl Ahrom\u201d memuat foto delegasi RI. Kehadiran keempatnya mendapat sedikit ganjalan saat jadwal seharusnya melakukan penandatanganan kesepakatan persahabatan. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ternyata, pihak Belanda melalui Duta Besar Belanda di Mesir sempat terlebih dahulu menemui PM Norakshi untuk menyampaikan keberatan mengenai sikap pemerintah Mesir terhadap Indonesia. <\/span><\/p>\n

Duta Besar Belanda tersebut mengingatkan mengenai kerjasama ekonomi Belanda dan Mesir, juga mengancam akan menarik dukungannya terhadap Mesir bila tetap mendukung Indonesia. <\/span><\/p>\n

PM Norakshi tak gentar dengan ancaman tersebut. Ia tetap menerima keempat delegasi RI dan tetap melangsungkan penandatanganan perjanjian persahabatan sekaligus pengakuan kemerdekaan RI.<\/span><\/p>\n

Respon India<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Hubungan Indonesia dan India dari sisi kebudayaan memang telah terjalin lama. Namun, secara politik kontak pertama tokoh pergerakan kedua negara terjalin pada Kongres Internasional menentang Kolonialisme di Brussel 1926 dan 1927.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kala itu, Hatta berjumpa Nehru. Hubungan tersebut terus berlanjut hingga masa revolusi. India secara masif muncul sebagai sahabat terdepan Indonesia dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kedua negara, sama-sama berjuang menghadapi imperialisme Belanda dan Inggris. Dukungan kedua negara bisa terjalin baik karena keduanya memiliki pandangan politik serupa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Setelah merdeka, Indonesia mengirim bantuan ke India berupa beras sebanyak 500.000 ton. Bantuan tersebut diberikan lantaran India mengalami krisis. India membalas bantuan tersebut dengan mengadakan Konferensi New Delhi pada 20-25 Januari 1949.<\/span><\/p>\n

Agus Salim kembali hadir sebagai delegasi Indonesia. Konferensi tersebut dihadiri negara-negara sahabat, seperti Burma, Iran, Australia, Arab Saudi, Selandia Baru, Tiongkok, Yaman, Sri Lanka, dan lainnya.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hasil pertemuan tersebut membuahkan risalah untuk diajukan kepada PBB, berisi 3 pokok rekomendasi, meliputi; 1) melakukan gencatan senjata, 2) Belanda membebaskan semua tawanan politik RI dan mengembalikan pemerintah RI ke Yogyakarta, dan 3) mengadakan perundingan di bawah UNCI.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peran Australia<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sekiranya 4.000 buruh kapal melakukan aksi mogok. Mereka menolak bongkar muat kapal-kapal pengakut persenjataan untuk Belanda. <\/span><\/p>\n

Dukungan kuat publik Australia, terutama Australian Waterside Workers Union, para pelaut Indonesia, China, India tersebut membuat kapal-kapal Belanda tak bisa melanjutkan pelayaran. Aksi tersebut tersohor dengan sebutan “The Black Armada”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aksi para buruh tersebut terus berlanjut hingga membuat elit di Australia terpengaruh terhadap perjuangan Indonesia untuk mempertahankan perjuangan. <\/span><\/p>\n

Hasil dari dukungan tersebut berbuah hasil manis. Pihak Australia lantas memfasilitasi pemulangan sekitar 1.400 tawanan perang Belanda asal Indonesia. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pihak Australia juga mendorong Dewan Keamanan PBB mengakui kemerdekaan Indonesia. Dan terpenting, perjuangan Partai Buruh Australia secara berkesinambungan melakukan aksi-aksi mendukung kemerdekaan Indonesia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peran PBB<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Peran terbesar PBB dalam sejarah Indonesia terutama pasca-kemerdekaan lebih banyak mengurus penyelesaian masalah antara Belanda dan Indonesia. <\/span><\/p>\n

Mula-mula ketika terjadi Agresi Militer I, PBB mengeluarkan rekomendasi untuk membuat Komisi Tiga Negara (KTN). Tiap negara berseteru memilih satu negara untuk menjadi wakil sementara satu negara menjadi pihak netral untuk menyelesaikan pertikaian.<\/span><\/p>\n

Indonesia memilih Australia dengan Richard Kirby, sementara Belanda memilih Belgia dengan Paul van Zealand. Pihak ketiga atau netral dipilih Amerika Serikat dengan perwakilan Frank Graham. KTN berhasil mengantar kedua negara untuk berunding pada Perjanjian Renville.<\/span><\/p>\n

Setelah itu, PBB berperan pada pembentukan badan perdamaian bernama United Nations Commission for Indonesia (UNCI). Tugas UNCI menggantikan KTN, untuk membantu memperlancar segala bentuk perundingan antara Indonesia dengan Belanda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di PBB, Indonesia mengutus LN Palar menjadi Wakil Tetap RI. Palar berperan besar memperjuangkan agar Indonesia mendapat pengakuan internasional. Ia pun berhasil mengantar Indonesia menjadi anggota PBB. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nah, Quipperian, begitulah kiranya respon luar negeri terhadap kemerdekaan RI. Ada penolakan, ada pengakuan. Tapi yang jelas, perjuangan para pahlawan di masa lampau membuat kita bisa hadir di sini, menikmati keadaan <\/span>zaman now <\/span><\/em>dengan enak, dan bisa belajar bareng <\/span>Quipper Blog<\/strong><\/a>. Ingat, jangan pernah lupakan sejarah, Quipperian!<\/span><\/p>\n

Penulis: Rahmat Ali<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quipperian into banget kan slogan \u201cMelawan Lupa\u201d? Yups, slogan itu bukan cuma kata-kata kiasan lho, melainkan memiliki arti begitu deep. Percaya enggak sih untuk…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99400369,"featured_media":226621,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[679384888,679384881],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[679386827],"class_list":["post-226531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mapel","category-sejarah"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKepoin Respon Internasional Terhadap Kemerdekaan Indonesia!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quipperian, Kemerdekaan Indonesia dinyatakan pada 17 Agustus 1945. 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